Insulation types vary spray foam insulation in cost, effectiveness, sustainability and flammability, with some forms more easily installed by DIY homeowners than others. But it’s also important to consider the R-value of each product — which dictates thermal efficiency, based on its resistance to conductive heat flow — as well as local building codes and climate zones.
Common Insulation Types Explained Simply
The most common insulation material is fiberglass, which consists of tiny glass threads woven into soft mats that fit into walls and attics. It’s cheap and easy to install, but it has a low R-value per inch and can lose effectiveness over time.
Another popular choice is blanket batt insulation, made of flexible fibers, usually fiberglass, but sometimes natural cellulose or plastic. This can be purchased in pre-cut sizes, which makes it a good DIY option, but it needs to be cut around pipes, wires and electrical outlets. It can also be compressed by heavy items placed in the wall or attic, reducing its R-value.
Foam board insulation is available in rigid panels that can be fitted between the studs of walls and other structural elements. It has a higher R-value than other insulating materials, and it reduces heat conduction through wood and steel framing. Foam board is often used in Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) and insulated concrete forms.
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R-Value Explained: Choosing the Right Insulation for Your Climate
Loose-fill insulation is most commonly made of cellulose, fiberglass or mineral (rock and slag) wool. It can be poured or blown into enclosed walls and attics without disturbing existing structures, but it requires experienced installers who know how to achieve the proper density and R-value. It can also be used in SIPs, insulated concrete forms and other construction methods.
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